Type of Gamma ray bursts

There are two types of gamma-ray bursts: short and long. Short bursts last no more than two seconds. Long bursts can last up to just over fifteen minutes. The shorter life of a short gamma-ray burst makes it more difficult for astronomers to study. Short bursts leave no trace of light because they have no detectable afterglow (a gleam of light that remains briefly after the original light has dissipated). In addition, weaker gamma-ray

Gamma ray bursts

Gamma-ray bursts are unexplained intense flashes of light that occur several times a day in distant galaxies. The bursts give off more light than anything else in the universe and then quickly fade away. They were first detected in the late 1960s when instruments on orbiting satellites picked them up. No known explosion besides the big bang is more powerful than a gamma-ray burst. (The big bang is a theory that explains the beginning of the universe as a tremendous explosion from a single point that occurred 12 to 15 billion years ago.) Gamma-ray bursts are mysterious because scientists do not know for sure what causes them or where in the sky they will occur.

Supernova Remnent

The expanding and cooling shell of gas and dust that is visible for thousands of years after a supernova. After a few tens of thousands of years supernova remnants mix with the interstellar medium and dissipate.

Magnetosphere

A planetary magnetic field. Not all planets have a magnetosphere. In terrestrial-type planets it is cause by the molten iron-nickel core and aligned with the north and south poles, and helps to shield against cosmic radiation. The magnetosphere extends some distance into space (depending on the strength of the local planetary magnetism) and is influenced by the solar wind. It is teardrop shaped - being longer in the side facing away from the Sun (the magneto-tail.)

Magnetic Storm

A temporary perturbation (disruption) of a planet's magnetic field, caused by solar flares. Since they disturb the ionosphere, magnetic storms can disrupt local EM radio transmissions. Magnetic storms usually last for a few days. During a magnetic storm, auroras increase over polar regions. Corona is known for its spectacular aurora displays

The Amazon River

The Amazon River (US) or River Amazon (UK) (Portuguese: Rio Amazonas; Spanish: Río Amazonas; pronounced /ˈæməzɒn/ (US); /ˈæməzən/ (UK)) of South America is the largest river in the world with a total discharge greater than the next ten largest rivers combined. The Amazon, which has the largest drainage basin in the world, about 7,050,000 square kilometers (2,720,000 sq mi), accounts for approximately one-fifth of the world's total river flow.

In its upper stretches the Amazon river is called Apurímac (in Peru) and Solimões (in Brazil).

The width of the Amazon varies between 1.6 and 10 kilometers (0.99 and 6.2 mi) at low stage, but expands during the wet season to 48 kilometers (30 mi) or more. The river enters the Atlantic Ocean in a broad estuary about 240 kilometers (150 mi) wide. The mouth of the main stem is 80 kilometers (50 mi).Because of its vast dimensions, it is sometimes called The River Sea. At no point is the Amazon crossed by bridges.This is not because of its huge dimensions; in fact, for most of its length, the Amazon's width is well within the capability of modern engineers to bridge. However, the bulk of the river flows through tropical rainforest, where there are few roads and even fewer cities, so there is no need for crossings.

While the Amazon is the largest river in the world by most measures, the current consensus within the geographic community holds that the Amazon is the second longest river, just slightly shorter than the Nile. However, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries debate has intensified over the Amazon's true source and therefore its length. Some studies have concluded that the Amazon is longer than the Nile.

Water testing done in 2009 by Amica Research has shown the water level to be at a 7.5,one of the cleanest water sources in the world.